Human papillomavirus: writing and genotyping

More than 120 types of HPV are known in medicine and are classified using different approaches. There is a summary table of the main types of virus based on the results of large-scale screening:

Symptoms	A type
Leather:
Plantar warts	1, 2, 4
Common warts	2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57
Straight warts	3, 10, 28, 49
Butcher warts	7
Epidermodysplasia wart	5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 36
Non-wart skin lesions	37, 38
Genital mucosa:
Genital warts	6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54
Nonondilomatous lesions	6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70
Carcinoma	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68
Lesions of the mucous membranes, not the genitals:
Laryngeal papilloma	6, 11, 30
Neck, tongue carcinoma	2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30

All neoplasms are divided according to the oncological risk, localization and form of skin growth.

1. Localization of the infection: Alpha - affects the mucous membranes of the genitals in men and women, manifests itself in condylomata. Beta - affects the surface layers of the epidermis, manifests itself with classic warts on the surface layers of the epidermis.
2. The genotype of the virus determines its oncogenic potential, ie its ability to cause oncological degeneration of infected tissues. Genotyping distinguishes these types of infections with oncogenic risk: Low risk - 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55. Intermediate - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66 High rice -16, 18, 45, 56.
3. Forms of skin neoplasms. Papillomas are divided into five main categories. The simple ones are the most common type of growth. As it develops, a warm-colored keratinized tuberculosis develops. Warts are localized on the skin both individually and in groups. It most often occurs on the inside and outside of the hand, on the lower part of the face (lips, chin). There are also plantar growths. Straight - has a dark color and looks like small lumps on the skin. As a rule, they appear in the upper part of the body, less in the genitals. They often feel the lack of immune system in the neck and arms during adolescence. Acute - condylomata affect the mucous membrane and are included in the category of oncogenic risk. Filiform - acrocord or old papillomas occur in middle-aged and older people. Internal moles - localized on the internal organs. This category includes condyloma in the walls of the stomach and rectum, and growths in the mouth and bladder.

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention depend on the type of neoplasm detected.

High-risk human papillomaviruses

HPV is one of the most common viruses. Infections often occur sexually and domestically. For many years, the virus can remain dormant and does not manifest itself. It can be activated by various factors, such as a weakened immune system or chronic diseases.

High-risk human papillomaviruses are especially dangerous. This category includes:

• Average oncogenicity - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66
• High carcinogenicity - 16, 18, 45, 56, 59, 68.

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses

Carcinogenic HPV is a serious threat, ie viruses that can cause malignant degeneration of healthy cells. The risk group includes the following genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. They significantly increase the risk of cancer of the genitals, uterus, anus and urethra.

Oncogenic viruses manifest themselves with genital warts. Their appearance is a signal to seek medical attention and eliminate neoplasms.

Human papillomavirus 1

This infectious agent causes the development of heel and common warts. Very often, this papillomavirus causes deep lesions in the legs, which causes discomfort and pain to the user. Swelling may occur on the back of the hands and chin. In some cases, they appear on the eyelids, scalp, fingers and toes.

This type of virus has low oncogenicity. At the same time, it is impossible to completely remove it from the body. Modern drugs are able to temporarily stop working. The treatment is aimed at eliminating aesthetic problems, ie growths. In the future, therapy is carried out to increase the protection of the immune system. Prescribing drugs that inhibit papillomatosis is mandatory.

Human papillomavirus 4

Another common form of viral disease. It manifests itself in heel and general warts. As the growths develop, they darken and acquire a rough surface. In some cases, smaller formations form around a large wart.

Patients complain of itching, burning and pain in the affected area. HPV 4 also promotes the development of calluses and calluses under the feet.

This genotype does not pose a risk of malignant transformation. For treatment, surgical removal of the tumor is used with subsequent immunotherapy of the patient.

Human papillomavirus 5

Responsible for the development of various types of growth. Often, papillomavirus 5 causes warts or verruciform epidermodysplasia. The disease is rare and manifests itself as a large accumulation of warts. The pathological condition develops in youth and lasts a lifetime. According to statistics, women get sick more often than men.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EVL) is in fact a unique predisposition to papillomavirus infection of the epidermis. In this condition, HPV 5 is highly carcinogenic, meaning there is a risk of skin degeneration leading to squamous cell carcinoma.

Typical symptoms of epidermodysplasia:

• Small wart growths that merge into larger lesions as they grow.
• Rash occurs on the face, back, neck, abdomen and even the thighs.
• When the skin is damaged, linear wart structures appear at the wound site.
• Growths on the body and limbs are larger and denser than the face and neck.

Human papillomavirus 6

Type 6 HPV is diagnosed in middle-aged and older people. Neoplasms are pink or flesh-colored and resemble cauliflower. This type of papillomavirus belongs to the group of infections with low oncogenicity and increases the risk of such pathologies:

• Genital warts (condylomata).
• Laryngeal papillomatosis.
• Genital lesions without condyloma.
• Conjunctival papillomas.

Treatment consists of antiviral and restorative therapy, surgical removal of the neoplasm. Special attention is paid to preventive measures: personal hygiene, balanced diet, increase immunity.

Human papillomavirus 7

HPV 7 infection is called butcher's or butcher's sneezes on the skin. They mostly represent painless, light brown growths localized on the elbows and shoulders.

Butcher's sneezes occur in people who are in frequent contact with raw meat. The infection enters the skin through small lesions. Growths appear in convex, painless formations on the elbows and hands.

Human papillomavirus 11

Papillomavirus type 11 is most commonly diagnosed in women and manifests itself as genital warts. The pathological process involves the skin and mucous membranes. This HPV has low carcinogenicity, ie it is not susceptible to malignant transformation.

Men and women who are sexually active and change their sexual partners frequently are at risk for the disease. Infection can occur with other genital infections. When genome 11 is infected, the daughter of the pathogen carrier is infected and included in the human chromosome set.

The main symptoms of the disease:

• Single or multiple rashes.
• In women, growths appear on the labia, cervix, clitoris, and urethra.
• In men, neoplasms appear on the penis, scrotum, head and body of the frenum.
• Both sexes have adjacent localizations of papillomas: anus, perineum, oropharynx, bladder, perianal region.

Diagnosis is made according to the type of cast structure and is not difficult. It is not possible to completely eradicate the virus, but there are a number of therapeutic methods that can suppress its activity. Special drugs are used for this purpose. Cryodestruction methods, laser therapy and other surgical methods are used to eliminate skin changes.

Prevention of HPV 11 infection is based on adherence to barrier contraceptive methods to prevent infection during contact. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system to increase its protective properties.

Human papillomavirus 12

Under the influence of some factors, HPV 12 can manifest itself as verruciform or wart epidermodysplasia. This pathological condition is also called Lewandowski-Lutz disease. It is a genetic disorder.

Papillomavirus 12 requires a comprehensive diagnosis. This is because the disease it causes can cause serious dermatological defects and serious complications. ¼ Transformation of affected tissues into squamous cell carcinoma is observed in patients.

Human papillomavirus 16

One of the most common papillomaviruses diagnosed in 60% of people is HPV 16 (Human Papillomavirus). This type of infection is oncogenic and causes the following pathologies:

• Genital lesions without condyloma.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Neck, tongue carcinoma.

After infection, the virus enters the DNA regions of healthy cells and disrupts the body's natural immunity against tumors. According to statistics, in 42% of cases, the main cause of cervical cancer is the 16th genotype.

Human papillomavirus 18

One of the most common urogenital virus infections is papillomatosis. 18 types of this infection are associated with diseases such as HPV 16: cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer. Has a high oncogenicity. Entering the human genome stimulates the growth of benign growths that gradually turn into cancer. In 70% of cases, HPV is found in women with 18 childhood cancers.

Treatment is prescribed only after a thorough diagnosis and establishment of the possibility of malignancy of neoplasms. Therapy consists of surgical removal of growths, 2-3 courses of antiviral and immunostimulatory drugs. At the same time, it should be noted that today there is no drug that completely neutralizes the 18th genotype of papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus 21

Another type of infection that causes epidermodysplasia verruciformis is HPV 21. It also applies to viruses with low carcinogenicity. It often manifests itself as anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.

Because the infection does not penetrate the bloodstream, but only affects the skin, fragments of the epidermis and mucous membranes are used for diagnosis. A comprehensive treatment aimed at eliminating skin imperfections and strengthening your immune system.

Human papillomavirus 31

To date, more than a hundred papillomaviruses are known, including those that can cause oncogenic, ie malignant processes in the body. HPV 31 refers to a moderately carcinogenic infection that causes oncological lesions under the influence of certain factors.

31 genotypes are associated with the following diseases:

• Grade 2 and 3 severity neoplasia.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Penile cancer.
• Anal cancer.
• Oral and laryngeal cancer.
• Bowen's disease.
• Keira's erythroplasia.
• Dental complications.

The infection most often occurs during unprotected intercourse and poses the same danger for both women and men. The virus can be transmitted when it comes in contact with an open wound or during childbirth.

Human papillomavirus 33

This type of HPV is diagnosed in most women because it contributes to the development of such diseases:

• Genital lesions without condyloma.
• Genital carcinoma.
• Cervical dysplasia.
• Cervical cancer.

The pathological condition is considered anthroponic, the infection occurs only among humans. 2-4 months after HPV 33 enters the body, genital warts begin to form on the genitals with concomitant painful symptoms.

Human papillomavirus 35

This HPV infection is dangerous with the development of malignant processes in the body. Type 35 is diagnosed in both men and women, but only in the latter causes serious problems.

The infection manifests itself with condylomatic lesions of the perineum, external genitalia, anus and oral cavity (root of the tongue, inner part of the cheek). Infection can lead to the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer.

HPV 35 is not easy to treat, so special attention is paid to preventive measures: protected sex, a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system and much more. Treatment in case of infection consists of a number of methods aimed at eliminating skin defects and suppressing the activity of papillomatosis.

Human papillomavirus 39

This genotype poses a serious threat and danger to life because it helps healthy tissues to turn into malignant tissues. Women are most susceptible to HPV 39 because it causes damage to the internal genitals. Infection can cause dysplasia and cervical cancer.

The infection does not manifest itself in any way for a long time by nourishing itself with healthy tissue and increasing its size.

• Symptoms of external infection are skin growths on the inner walls of the vagina, mucous membranes of the cervical canal, in the cervical region.
• Less commonly, condylomata occur in the external genitalia, as well as near the urethra or anus.
• Neoplasms appear as single and numerous growths that resemble cauliflower.

Human papillomavirus 44

From an oncology point of view, type 44 HPV poses no danger. In this condition, the infection manifests itself with genital warts and genital warts on the cervix and other vital organs.

Treatment of skin growths is carried out to eliminate aesthetic concerns, ie neoplasms are removed. In addition, all patients are prescribed a course of antiviral drugs and immunostimulants to suppress papillomatous infection in the body.

Human papillomavirus 45

Another member of the oncogenic papillomavirus group at high risk of degeneration is type 45. The infection is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Genital warts.
• Bowenoid papulosis.
• Genital warts.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Infection occurs during unprotected contact. The man is a carrier of the virus, although he does not know about it. In women, the infection manifests itself as warts on the genitals. The pathology is very dangerous for the female body and requires serious treatment. It can take more than 20 years from the time of infection to the development of a malignant tumor caused by HPV 45.

In the diagnostic process, PCR, dygen test, calcoscopy, biopsy and cytological studies are performed to determine the pathogen genotype. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease.

Human papillomavirus 51

This type of HPV is associated with moderate oncogenic risk anogenital infections. The infection is mainly sexually transmitted and can cause the following problems:

• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Oncological lesions of the anus, vulva or vagina in women.
• Malignant neoplasms of the anus and penis in men.
• Genital warts.
• Giant condyloma Buschke-Levenshtein.

To diagnose HPV, 51 patients need a urogenital smear. With its help, clinical confirmation of the presence of infection in the body, genotyping and assessment of the risk of malignancy are carried out.

There are no drugs specifically designed to treat this type of infection. Therapy aims to prevent malignant transformations and mobilize the body's antitumor immunity.

Human papillomavirus 52

According to medical statistics, HPV is detected in 52% of women aged 52 to 35 years. The infection most often occurs during unprotected sex. The painful condition is associated with the following pathologies:

• Genital warts and genital warts.
• Colon cancer in men.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

It is not possible to completely cure the virus, but with early diagnosis and proper therapy, cell destruction and malignancy can be prevented. To do this, surgical removal of tumors, a course of antiviral therapy and medications to strengthen the immune system are taken.

Human papillomavirus 53

Infection with HPV 53 is possible by touching the mucous membranes or skin cells of an infected person. This genotype has low carcinogenicity and therefore does not pose a risk of malignant transformation.

After infection, the virus can remain dormant for a long time. The influence of various factors, such as the weakening of the protective properties of the immune system, leads to its activation. For this reason, epidermal cells begin to divide actively, forming warty neoplasms and genital warts.

Treatment for papillomavirus type 53 is reduced to eliminate skin growth, take antiviral medications, and boost immunity.

Human papillomavirus 56

One type of human papillomavirus infection is HPV 56. This type is characterized by high oncogenicity and is associated with the following pathologies:

• Genital lesions without condyloma.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
• Carcinoma of the mucous membrane of the genitals.

The virus is dangerous for both women and men, causing genital warts and other neoplasms. Penetration of the infection through the body occurs through unprotected sex or through open wounds on the epidermis through the mucous membranes.

HPV 56 requires complex treatment. Therapy consists of taking antiviral drugs, surgically removing the growths and strengthening the immune system. Special attention is paid to preventive measures to protect the body from infection.

Human papillomavirus 58

The virus pathogen type 58, which is a medium risk category of malignant transformation, is 58. Infection belongs to the alpha group, ie it contributes to the development of such pathologies:

• Genital lesions without condyloma.
• Condyloma of the inner surface of the anus.
• Dysplasia and cervical cancer.

Once introduced into the body, it causes the appearance of small growths with a dense and soft structure. They can be light pink or brown, depending on the location. This genotype often manifests itself in the neck, armpits, intestines, external and internal genitals, and bladder.

The risk of infection is associated with the latent course of the infection process. Because the pathogen can be asleep for a long time. An integrated approach to timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications of Type 58 Human Papillomavirus.

Human papillomavirus 59

HPV genotype 59 belongs to oncogenic viruses. Under the influence of some factors, it can damage the tissues of the cervical and uterine epithelium and lead to a precancerous condition. Infection with this pathogen occurs through unprotected anal or vaginal contact, less often through oral sex.

Often the infection does not manifest itself for a long time. However, skin growths and the appearance of warts indicate its activation. Genital warts occur on the external genitalia and their mucous membranes.

Viral DNA and PCR analysis are performed to diagnose a painful condition. Treatment consists of taking antiviral drugs to suppress the infection.

Human papillomavirus 66

Very often the appearance of warts and papillomas in the body is associated with infection with papillomavirus type 66. In this case, the skin growths have the most inappropriate localization: armpits, perianal and periorbital areas, perineum, mucous membranes of the genitals.

Typically, the infection is inactive for a long time after infection. But it is activated under the influence of certain factors. These factors include:

• Weakening of the immune system.
• An unbalanced diet.
• Bad habits.
• Frequent change of sexual partners and unprotected sex.
• Failure to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
• Frequent abortions and more.

HPV 66 treatment aims to eliminate skin growth and eliminate the factors that cause the spread of infection. Antiviral therapy and vitamins are taken to boost immunity. Preventive measures include vaccination, timely treatment of any disease and a healthy lifestyle.

Human papillomavirus 67

According to research, type 67 HPV belongs to viruses with moderate oncological degeneration status. That is, under certain conditions, infection with this genotype can lead to precancerous disease.

The infection penetrates the mucous membranes and damaged skin. The infection manifests itself with papillomatous growths in the body. Growths can also occur in the cervical mucosa.

Human papillomavirus 68

68 HPV genotype has low oncogenicity and manifests itself with skin growths of different localization. The strong spread of defects and their frequent trauma is dangerous. Because it is at this stage, viral DNA replaces healthy cells and changes their structure. If the problem persists without medical intervention, the active development of papillomavirus type 68 can lead to carcinoma.